Fuel-injecting apparatus for internal-combustion engines and the like



Math 3, 1931. c. F. SJOMAN ET AL 1,794,555

FUEL INJECTING APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGII IES AND THE LIKEFiled April 2, 1921 I Patented Mar. 3, .1931

CARL FRITZ SJGMAN AND CARL GUSTAF PETTJERSSON,

OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, AS-

SIGNQRS TO J. 8:; C. G. BQLINDERS MEKANISKA VERKSTADS AKTIEBOLAG, OFSTOCK- -HOLM, SWEDEN, [3. CORPORATION FUEL-INJECTING- APPARATUS F,IlEPlJTa"RENAL CCllCEBUSllIfll' ENGINES AND THE LIKE Application filedApril 2, 1921, Serial No.

ing of the fuel is essential particularly when the motor is beingstarted, or is running idle, that is to say when the walls of theignition chamber have a comparatively low tempera- ,ture. If the load onthe motor is normal or high, the walls of the ignition chamber beingthen intensely heated, spreading of the fuel is required only in alesser degree, or, perhaps not at all.

Nevertheless it has not been possible heretofore to use anything but thesame degree of spreading in all instances, and consequently it has beennecessary, in the case of a high or even normal load on the motor, tocool the walls of the ignition chamber either by providing the chamberwith a cooling jacket, or by injecting water together with the fuel intothe ignition chamber. However, this cooling is often not sufficient toavoid the drawbacks caused by the increased heating of the ignitionchamber, and it will be found particularly diflicult to keep theignition chamber with a high degree of spreading at the start or whenthe motor is running idle, the spread ing being then, for example,effected at an angle up to 90, whereas, when the motor is running at thenormal or a high load, the spreading angle may be reduced to 15, or beentirely eliminated, so that the fuel will be introduced into theignition chamber a, straight jet.

$58,158, and in Sweden January 22, 1921.

Thus the invention is acterized by the apparatus required for theinjection being so devised that the spreading of the fuel may bevaried,for instance in accordance with the varying load on the motor. Hi

The invention is carried into effect in the most eficient, way by theemploymentof a spreading member which is provided with a hollow on theinside of the nozzle outlet of the in ecting apparatus and substantiallytangentia-l'channels leading to the said hollow, which channelsimpart apowerful rotational impulse to the fuel when it is led into the hollow.I By making the said member displaceable or rotary, in accordance withthe invention, so that the fuel-may be introduced into the hollow insome other way'than through the tangential channels, or, in other words,so that the fuel flows past the the desired result is obtained, namelythat the fuel is introduced into the hollow without a rotationalimpulse, and consequently leaves the nozzle outlet without rotating.However, the rotation and the spreading may be maintained to a certaindegree by adjusting the adjustable part of the nozzle only so much as isnecessary to allow part of the fuel to pass through thetangentialchannels, while the remaining portion flows past the same.

The accompanyingdrawing illustrates an embodiment of the invention. Fig.1 is a 1011- gitudinal section of a fuel injecting apparatus arrangedaccording to the invention. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the adjustablemember devised in accordance with the invention. Fig. 3 is an endwiseview ofthejsame member. Fig. 4 is a section illustrating the position ofthe adjustable member after the adjustment wherein the fuel is notactuated so as to be rotated.

According-to the drawing, the injecting apparatus consists of an outersleeve-like portion 1 havinga supply 2 from a fuel tank arranged at theside thereof. Centrally arranged within the sleeve 1 is the spindle 3the diameter of'which is so dimensioned as to leave a free space aroundthe spindle between the latter and the sleeve. The spindle is adaptedto'be screwed the sleeve and principally chartightly spreading thereof.

is provided at its inner end with a cylindrical enlargement 5 bearingsnugly against the inside of the sleeve, the plane end surface of thesaid enlargement abutting tightly against the bottom 6 of the sleeve.Arranged in the said bottom 6 is the nozzle outlet 7. Provided in thatsurface of the cylinder 5, whichabuts against the bottom 6, is a hollowor cavity 8 having two tangentially arranged channels 9 leading thereto,the said channels 9 communicating with channels 10 provided in thecylindrical surface of the member 5 and communicating with the passage11.

As long as the spindle assumes the position according to Fig. 1 with themember 5 bearing forth through the channels 10 is forced into thetangential channels 9 which impart a rotary motion to the fuel, wherebythe latter is spread whenbeing forced out through the nozzle outlet 7.The maximum degree of spreading preferably takes place at an angle of90.

If the spindle 3 is screwed so that the end surface of the member 5 isremoved from the bottom 6, the fuel is allowed to freely pass into thechamber between the member 5 and the bottom 6 and the nozzle outlet- 7without having to be forced through the tangential channels, andconsequently the fuel is not caused to rotate, and there is no spreadingof the same, or, at any rate, only a reduced If the spindle is adjustedso that the distance between the bottom of the sleeve and the member 5leaves room only for part of the fuel, while the remaining portion ofthe fuel has to pass through the tangential channels, the result will bea reduced rotational action and a spreading which is decreasedcorrespondingly. It may be found suitable to maintain such a reducedspreading also when the motor operates nornially, the spreading anglebeing then preferably 15.

As set forth, the device may be made in various ways, and among thesethe following may be given as an example. Thus the member 5 of thespindle may, if'desired, be rotatable instead of axially displaceable,the said member 5 then in the one extreme position communicating throughchannels with such other-channels leading to the outlet 7 asv may imparta rotational impulse to the fuel, in order to spread the same, whereasin the other extreme position the channels of the member 5 communicatewith such channels leading to the outlet that cannot bring about anyrotation of the fuel.

What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States 1s:+

A fuel injecting apparatus for internal combustion engines including asleeve having a closed end provided with an outlet opening and. definingan internal shoulder, a sprayagainst the bottom 6, the fuel pressed

